Aberration - In optics, it occurs when light from one source does not merge into (or radiate from) a single point after transmittal and blurs an image.
Absorption - Occurs when light is consumed by the surrounding surface area.
AC Power - Alternating Current which can be used to operate a digital camera.
Aperture - An opening through which light travels into the camera to the image sensor.
Astigmatism - An abnormality in the lens which causes the image of a point to spread out over the axis of an optical system.
Backdrop - Rear curtain behind the subject of a photograph. May also be called a backcloth.
Background - Area behind the subject of a photograph.
Backscatter - Reflected light from a flash onto suspended particles, such as snowflakes or rain, going back into the lens causing specks of light to appear on an image. These images are sometimes referred to as orb artifacts.
Balance - Composing a photo where all elements are harmonious to one another.
Bare Bulb - A flash used without any type of diffuser or reflector.
Bracketing - A technique which involves taking several shots of the same subject using various settings on the camera.
Capacitor - A device for collecting and holding a charge of electricity used for firing the flash.
Card Reader - Data input device which reads data from a camera onto a computer.
Coma - Abnormality in which a point of light is seen as a comet-shaped blur, usually off center of the image.
Curvature of Field - Defect in an optical system which results in an image appearing curved.
Curvilinear Distortion - Defect in a lens which causes curved lines to appear straight and similarly causes straight lines to appear curved.
Dark Cloth - Cloth made from a dark material which is placed over the photographer's head while photographing a subject.
Dark Room - A room without light for the purpose of developing film.
Depth of Field - The distance in front of and behind the focal subject. In a photo where there is a specific subject, as in a portrait, there is a shallow depth of field. In a photo where an entire scene is in focus, as in landscapes, a large depth of field is desired.
Digital Single Lens Reflex Camera - A digital camera that replaces photographic film. It combines parts of a single-lens reflex camera and a digital camera back.
EF - Abbreviation for Electronic Flash.
Electromagnetic Spectrum - Range of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation.
EPS - Abbreviation for Encapsulated Post-Script.
EXIF - Exchangeable Image File, a standard format for storing information in digital photography image files in JPEG compression.
Existing Light - Refers to using only the actual light available to shoot a photo. Also called available or natural light.
F/stop - The diameter of the opening of the lens relative to the focal length.
Film Speed - The measurement of a film's sensitivity to light, usually using the ISO system.
Focal Length - Distance between the film and lens when the lens is focused on infinity.
Ghost Image - A partially recorded image during a long exposure which results in a ghost-like appearance.
GIF - Abbreviation for Graphics Interchange Format.
High Dynamic Range - A long series of techniques that allow a photographer to capture a much wider range of exposure than can be recorded in one picture. This is usually accomplished by taking several photos at once using bracketing.
Hot Shoe - Spot located on the top of the digital camera that stabilizes and provides electrical contact for an external flash.
IF - Abbreviation for Internal Focusing.
ISO - A camera's sensitivity to light.
JPEG - Abbreviation for Joint Photographic Experts Group. Describes a standard image file format.
Juxtapose - Place side by side to show comparison or contrast.
Latent Image - In invisible image that only appears once the film is developed.
Lens - Optical glass in the camera designed to collect and focus light to form an image.
Louis Daguerre - French physicist and artist who invented the daguerreotype photograph.
Macro Lens - A lens that can focus from near infinity to very close up giving the subject a larger that life appearance.
MP - Abbreviation for Megapixel, i.e. 8MP or 16MP
Noise - Amount of graininess in an image, generally by using a higher ISO.
Optical Zoom Lens - A large lens that can change focal length from telephoto to wide angle view. This type of lens provides a superior image to a digital zoom which uses software to achieve a telephoto effect.
Telephoto Lens - A long-focus lens that magnifies or zooms in on an image.
Tripod - A support stand usually with three legs used to hold the camera steady. Typically used when slow shutter speeds are needed and/or using a telephoto lens.
Wide Angle Lens - A short-focus lens with a wider field of range than a normal lens.
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